解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::The responses to drought of the solar tracking winter annualLupinus arizonicus (Wats.) were examined under field and laboratory growth regimes. Under drought conditions tracking movements were maintained until the plant reached the wilting point. The leaves and leaflets were observed to cup in response to decreases in...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00572673
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::At least once a year the mountain pine beetle searches for lodgepole pines that provide a suitable habitat for a new brood. After attacking females feed, they produce an attractant pheromone that causes beetles to aggregate and, during outbreaks, to usually mass attack the "focus" tree. Near the completion of mass att...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00540133
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::(i) The growth of ca. 100 individuals of a small deciduous tree Euphorbia pyrifolia, of different ages and edaphic regimes, and with different levels of infestation by the coccid Icerya seychellarum, has been studied on Aldabra Atoll over two years (1976-1978). Infestation on leaves ranged between 0 and 1.3 mg dry wei...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00540123
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::If the natural enemy component of biological control is functional in small mammals, then the introduciton of weasels should effectively reduce populations of deer mice and Oregon voles. Seven weasels introduced to an area of forest habitat in coastal British Columbia did not appreciably lower the abundance of mice or...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00541787
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activity behaviour of the common vole, Microtus arvalis was studied in an enclosure during a one-year cycle. The number of voles varied between 2 and 25 specimens. Emergence from burrows, running through pathways and visits at a feeding site were automatically recorded by passage counters which we developed for us...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00541777
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seasonal changes in the Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) activity and growth characteristics of Opuntia humifusa Raf. were examined under midwest climatic conditions. Twenty-four hour studies were done at monthly intervals for two years, with diurnal changes in transpiration, gas exchange, and titratable acidity mon...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00540212
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Species of the 'bana' vegetation in the Amazonas region of equatorial South America have scleromorphic leaves. This leaf type, which characterizes the vegetation of Mediterranean climates, among others, has apparently evolved in this community in response to the oligotrophic soils and widely fluctuating water table.An...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00540202
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been suggested that soil nitrification is inhibited as a succession develops. This hypothesis was examined in a sub tropical rain forest succession containing five successional stages. Soil mineral nitrogen was measured at the time of collection and after 20 days incubation in the laboratory or field. Sampling ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00346829
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Water stress and temperature effects on growth, translocation and reallocation of 14C assimilated by blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Steud.) were studied for sods extracted from shortgrass prairie. The sods were kept at either 24°/16° or 34°/16°C (day/nigh) temperatures and were labeled at two phenolog...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00346819
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measurements of carbon isotope ratios of nine taxa of arid zone mosses from North America and 24 taxa of European bryophytes show consistent values indicative of C3 metabolism. Other morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics provide the mechanism of adaptation to environmental stresses of heat and e...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00346404
更新日期:1979-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Desert populations of the evergreen dioecious shrub Simmondsia chinensis exhibit sex-related leaf and canopy dimorphisms not present in populations from more mesic coastal environments. Leaves on female shrubs have characteristically larger sizes, greater specific weights, and greater water-holding capacity than male ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00346394
更新日期:1979-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene frequencies at nine polymorphic enzyme loci were followed in 22 cage populations of D. melanogaster all founded from the same stock but subsequently maintained in different environments. The three factors distinguishing the different environments were temperature and the alcohol and yeast in the medium and for ea...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00344960
更新日期:1979-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the laboratory the consumption (C), egestion (F), assimilation (A) and assimilation efficiency (A/C) of dry matter and of the bioelements C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and Na were studied weekly during the whole feeding stage. The larvae were reared in clusters of 10 individuals (on average 3.5 ♂♂ and 6.5 ♀♀), fed one-year...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00344768
更新日期:1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The thermoregulatory significance of a striped-melanic colour polymorphism in the common garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, was assessed through a combination of labortory experimentation and field study. In experiments with living snakes the melanic morph maintained a higher body temperature than the striped morph, w...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00346675
更新日期:1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The insect fauna of 80 day-old plots of corn and sweet potato monocultures and dicultures in Costa Rica were compared using sweep sampling. Six hundred sweeps were taken in each of the three habitats. There were 15% more total species in the diculture than either monoculture but approximately the same total number of ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00344857
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Energy metabolism (oxygen consumption) in acclimated juvenile yellow banded and unbanded Cepaea hortensis Müll. was measured at 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, and 25°C with Englemann respirometers. Metabolic rates were also measured after abrupt temperature changes from 5° to 20° and from 25° to 10°C.Energy metabolism in the two ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00345000
更新日期:1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growth and respiration were measured in a species of Anonchus (Nematoda: Plectidae) at 5°C, 10°C, 15°C, 20°C and 25°C. At 5°C no growth was measurable but the organisms remained active. Maximum production occurred at 15°C, but the highest rate of growth occurred at 20°C. Thus, adult size attained is dependent on the t...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377437
更新日期:1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::At constant cladode temperature the stomatal resistance of O. inermis increased when the cladode-air vapor pressure difference was increased and stomatal resistance decreased when the cladode-air vapor pressure difference was lowered. Net CO2 fixation in the dark was very responsive to these humidity dependent changes...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00344837
更新日期:1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::European data from 15 long-term censuses of breeding land bird communities were analysed in order to measure community stability. Stability was here operationally defined as year-to-year persistence of community structure (total density, number of species, diversity, evenness of the species-abundance distribution, spe...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00347824
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dusky-footed woodrats (Neotoma fuscipes) and desert woodrats (N. lepida) experience pronounced seasonal variations in the aridity of their habitats. The effects of seasonal aridity upon the water conserving abilities of these species were assessed through measurements of water conserving abilities and kidney structure...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00346564
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The foraging strategies of four naturally co-existing heteromyid rodent species were investigated: Dipodomys deserti (≈100 g), D. merriami (≈38 g), Microdipodops pallidus (≈13 g), and Perognathus longimembris (≈7 g). In 208 over-night laboratory foraging trials animals were provided with millet seed distributed in clu...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00545238
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The population metabolism of N. muscorum at a beechwood site in southern England was determined for two separate year periods by two methods; a detailed computer analysis and a 'best estimate'. These methods, which are based on data of biomass, population dynamics, field temperatures, and respiration rates of all life...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00347621
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leaf diffusion resistance (r 1) of the upper and lower leaf surfaces of several Populus clones was related to leaf water potential (ψ1), light intensity, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and temperature by intrinsicallylinear, logarithmic multiple regression analyses. Regression equations accounted for up to 80% of varia...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00345333
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen mineralization and net nitrification rates were 3-7 times greater in soil incubations from a girdled Liriodendron tulipifera (L.) stand than in a control stand. Neither litter nor root extracts had an inhibitory effect on nitrogen mineralization or nitrification rate. A lack of nitrification inhibitors also w...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00345323
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of herbicides (Garlone 3A, MCPA, 2,4-D and Krenite) and nitrogen fertilizer (NH4NO3), commonly used in Swedish forestry, on nitrogen fixation (C2H2-reduction) by Peltigera praetextata (Sommerf.) Zopf. (field and laboratory) and its phycobiont Nostoc sp. (laboratory) were studied. The alga was affected by the h...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00388807
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Factors influencing the consumption of algae and the rate of feeding by the larvae of Heterotrissocladius changi Saether and Polypedilum nebeculosum (Meigen) (Chironomidae: Diptera) were determined from collections made between July 1975 and May 1977 in Yellowknife Bay, situated in the Canadian subarctic. Although bot...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00347939
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from the US/IBP Desert Biome validation studies indicate that above-ground production and biomass allocated to reproduction in Larrea tridentata vary from one year to another depending upon the timing and extent of soil-moisture availability. In an attempt to verify these observations and determine to what extent...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00347929
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence was given that the freezing tolerance of Halimione portulacoides, a wintergreen halophyte, can be explained by protection of sensitive cellular membranes in vivo. Experiments were done with cloned cuttings of a plant from the German North Sea coast. One series received no NaCl (O-plants) the other 3% NaCl (Na...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00345190
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Direct and interactive effects of daylength and temperature preconditioning of above- and below-ground parts of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. 'Astrid' are examined in relation to net photosynthesis. Most previous work on thermal preconditioning has concentrated on the effects of a given thermal regime on entire plan...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00348072
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The legume foodplants of Colias butterflies possess specific chemical components which stimulate oviposition in females of the genus. Different legumes provide different degrees of stimulation, as demonstrated by close correlation between field observations and laboratory experiments with a new behavioral assay. Sever...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00345999
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than 500 species of the Poaceae are found in Kenya, East Africa. Eighteen of twenty-seven tribes are exclusively (except the Paniceae and Danthonieae) of the C3 photosynthetic type. A floristic analysis of low altitude grasslands suggests that nearly all species at these low altitudes are of the C4 photosynthetic...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00347910
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tadpoles of two anuran species, Rana sylvatica and Xenopus laevis, were fed various concentrations of two algae, Anabaena sphaerica (large filaments) and Chlorella pyrenoidosa (small unicells). Filtering rates were measured indirectly with a Coulter Counter system; buccal pumping rates were observed directly.Exper...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00345438
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Computer simulations of a pollinator foraging in a mixture of two species were used to explore how plant reproduction can be influenced by interspecific pollination movements. Interspecific pollen transfer led to strong competitive effects when availabilities of pollen, receptive stigma surfaces, or pollinator movemen...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00349811
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A technique is presented in which desiccation as a source of error in fresh weight determinations of soft-bodied microfauna is avoided by weighing the animal in a drop of silica fluid. ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00345143
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ten populations of the perennial herb, Liatris acidota Engelm. & Gray (Compositae), growing on the Texas Gulf Coast (USA) were analyzed for age structure, frequency of predation, and frequency of asexual reproduction. Nine of the ten populations exhibited non-stable age distributions due to a deficiency of young non-s...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00344693
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanical aspects of predation by the shore crab, Carcinus maenas, on the edible mussel, Mytilus edulis, were examined. The shore crabs from the population studied utilized five distinct, largely size-related, mussel-opening techniques. Crushing the mussel umbone appeared the most successful opening method for medium...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00348059
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in early summer on root and shoot growth of Atriplex confertifolia, a C4 shrub species, was examined in a cold-winter desert community in northern Utah. Soil water and xylem pressure potentials were monitored during the summer period.At the time of watering the su...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00344912
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a tropical environment near the equator in Nairobi, Kenya, flesh fly development is nearly continuous throughout the year with only a few individuals being channeled into pupal diapause during the coldest months. Two species reared in a field cage completed 7 generations/year. Generation time for nondiapause flies ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00345543
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interrelationships between morphology, microhabitat, water relations, and photosynthesis of a xeric fern, Notholaena parryi D.C. Eat. (Pteridaceae), were examined in the western Colorado desert. In its typical microhabitat rock outcroppings protected N. parryi from direct sunlight and moderated the diurnal variations ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00346249
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leslie matrices are used to compare theoretical populations of gregarious and solitarious Desert Locusts, Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.). Despite their lower fecundity, the synchrony and faster maturation of gregarious populations permit them to have much faster rates of increase than solitarious populations. When rea...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00344729
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00